Tuesday 30 August 2011

Dentists' poem by OGDEN NASH

                                       This Is Going To Hurt Just A Little Bit



One thing I like less than most things is sitting in a dentist chair with my mouth wide open.

And that I will never have to do it again is a hope that I am against hope hopen.

Because some tortures are physical and some are mental,
But the one that is both is dental.
It is hard to be self-possessed
With your jaw digging into your chest.

So hard to retain your calm
When your fingernails are making serious alterations in your life line or love line or some other important line in your palm;

So hard to give your usual effect of cheery benignity
When you know your position is one of the two or three in life most lacking in dignity.

And your mouth is like a section of road that is being worked on.
And it is all cluttered up with stone crushers and concrete mixers and drills and steam rollers and there isn’t a nerve in your head thatyou aren’t being irked on.

Oh, some people are unfortunate enough to be strung up by thumbs.
And others have things done to their gums,
And your teeth are supposed to be being polished,
But you have reason to believe they are being demolished.

And the circumstance that adds most to your terror
Is that it’s all done with a mirror,
Because the dentist may be a bear, or as the Romans used to say, only they were referring to a feminine bear when they said it, an ursa,
But all the same how can you be sure when he takes his crowbar in one hand and mirror in the other he won’t get mixed up, the way you do when you try to tie a bow tie with the aid of a mirror, and forget that left is right and vice versa?

And then at last he says That will be all; but it isn’t because he then coats your mouth from cellar to roof
With something that I suspect is generally used to put a shine on a horse’s hoof.

And you totter to your feet and think. Well it’s all over now and afterall it was only this once.
And he says come back in three monce.

And this, O Fate, is I think the most vicious circle that thou ever sentest,
That Man has to go continually to the dentist to keep his teeth in good condition
when the chief reason he wants his teeth in good condition
is so that he won’t have to go to the dentist.

Monday 29 August 2011

DENTAL QUOTES


“ It is guaranteed to put all teeth on edge, including George Washington’s, wherever they might be. ”

Happiness is your dentist telling you it won’t hurt and then having him catch his hand in the drill. ~Johnny Carson


A dentist at work in his vocation always looks down in the mouth. ~George D. Prentice


Every tooth in a man’s head is more valuable than a diamond. ~Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, 1605


If suffering brought wisdom, the dentist’s office would be full of luminous ideas. ~Mason Cooley


You don’t have to brush your teeth – just the ones you want to keep. ~Author Unknown

Some tortures are physical
And some are mental,
But the one that is both
Is dental.
~Ogden Nash


Too many of today’s children have straight teeth and crooked morals. ~Unknown high school principal


The man with a toothache thinks everyone happy whose teeth are sound. ~George Bernard Shaw


Dentist: a prestidigitator who, putting metal into your mouth, pulls coin out of your pocket. ~Ambrose Bierce


I find that most men would rather have their bellies opened for five hundred dollars than have a tooth pulled for five. ~Martin H. Fischer


For there was never yet philosopher
That could endure the toothache patiently.
~William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing


We do have a zeal for laughter in most situations, give or take a dentist. ~Joseph Heller


Even pearls are dark before the whiteness of his teeth. ~William R. Alger


If a patient cannot clean his teeth, no dentist can clean them for him. ~Martin H. Fischer
An aching tooth is better out than in.
To lose a rotting member is a gain.
~Richard Baxter, Poetical Fragments


A man loses his illusions first, his teeth second, and his follies last. ~Helen Rowland


There are two things in life that a sage must preserve at every sacrifice, the coats of his stomach and the enamel of his teeth. Some evils admit of consolations, but there are no comforters for dyspepsia and the toothache. ~Henry Lytton Bulwer


You know, sometimes a man just can’t satisfy all of a woman’s desires. Which is why God invented dental floss. ~Author Unknown


Adam and Eve had many advantages, but the principal one was that they escaped teething. ~Mark Twain


The tongue is ever turning to the aching tooth. ~Thomas Fuller


Some old women and men grow bitter with age; the more their teeth drop out, the more biting they get. ~George D. Prentice
I had very good dentures once. Some magnificent gold work. It’s the only form of jewelry a man can wear that women fully appreciate. ~Graham Greene


I’m always amazed to hear of air crash victims so badly mutilated that they have to be identified by their dental records. What I can’t understand is, if they don’t know who you are, how do they know who your dentist is? ~Paul Merton


Tooth decay was a perennial national problem that meant a mouthful of silver for patients, and for dentists a pocketful of gold. ~Claudia Wallis



How is it that mercury is not safe for food additives and Over the Counter drug products, but it is safe in our vaccines and dental amalgams? ~Dan Burton

The best and cheapest dentistry is when the right thing is done extremely well the first time and it lasts.


For people on social assistance, the loss of free dental care, prescription drugs and subsidized housing can greatly outweigh additional income from working. We’ve all heard the stories. ~Kim Campbell


I don’t get off on romantic parts. But I often think if I had had my dental work done early on, well, maybe. ~Morgan Freeman


Most of my friends from college became dental hygienists or went into retail, a lot went into sales. They all started getting married and having kids and buying homes and I was still living like a college student. ~Patricia Heaton


I’ve been giving free money seminars for the troops at Walter Reed Hospital and one of the Iraqi War Vets realized that the military wouldn’t pay for the dental work he needed. ~Matthew Lesko


Most every dental school has discount dental services. ~Matthew Lesko


I’m always amazed to hear of air crash victims so badly mutilated that they have to be identified by their dental records. What I can’t understand is, if they don’t know who you are, how do they know who your dentist is? ~Paul Merton


I could have been a dental hygienist with nothing bad ever appearing in print about me, but that’s not how I’ve chosen to lead my life. I knew that you put yourself under a microscope the more famous you become. ~Julia Roberts


Millions of Americans, adults and children, lack access to dental care. Michael K. Simpson


I always wanted to be a dentist from the time I was in high school, and I was accepted to dental school in the spring of 1972. I was planning to go, but after the Olympics there were other opportunities. ~Mark Spitz


“A physician buries his mistakes, a dentist pulls them out, but a teacher has to live with them”


“We do have a zeal for laughter in most situations, give or take a dentist.”


“If Alien was my friend, I’d like to be with him when he went to the dentist. When they started drilling, he’d probably go nuts and start eating everybody. That Alien!”


“Happiness is your dentist telling you it won’t hurt and then having him catch his hand in the drill.”


“So I went to the dentist. He said “Say Aaah.” I said “Why?” He said “My dog’s died.’”


“The grinding of the intellect is for most people as painful as a dentist’s drill."

TEN STEPS TO YOUR DREAM MDS SEAT


Ten steps to ur dream seat...:)
Ten steps to ur dream seat...:)

ten steps to your dream seat anywhere these steps are very simple but they have the power to take you to your dream seat. i have followed them and my friends too. success is not a chance rather it is a choice.try these steps and god bless, you will reach your dream seat.

1) Find out what is your dream seat.

what is your dream seat??? is it endo at aiims or ortho at maulana azad.. think again and again till you are convinced that you have a dream seat that makes you excited to the core of your heart. dreams have immense power.when you pursue your dreams, the inner strength that we all have,the divinity in our soul manifests and you are amazed that your potential is infinite.it is true, i assure you.

2) Analyse your dream and set the goals

Make your goals very specific and clear.the days and nights of preparation is towards that single goal. let you dream goals be aiims rank 1 or 2or 3 or aipgmee 10 or 20 or 30kcet 3, 6 or 5.any rank that makes it definite that you will get your dream seat with that rank. believe in yourself m believe that you are strong and worthy enough to reach your dream seat, that you will take the responsibility to make it true. that it is your destiny to get it. you will realise that the first person to doubt your ability is yourself. suggest continuously to self that you will get it. once you get convinced then nothing can stop you from touching sky of your dreams. ..

3. Make a time oriented plan.

It is said if you fail to plan then you plan to fail.
perfect plan needs awareness on two things. a) total books to study b) time that is in our hand. subjectwise decide the books you must and will read and keep them in study area.
divide the time for each subject and each book and write them in your diary.follow them religiously. divide time as per importance of topics at exam.time kept for oral pathology(20-25qtns) must be 5times that for biochemistry(4-5qtns).logic is the total must read materials in oral patho will be about 5 times than biochemistry.

4.100 percent commitment.

Your commitment is your bullet proof defense.it will take care of all distractions.remember no time for worries, news papers,cricket or movie. but find time to relax but make sure you earn that time.

5. Most important-revise daily, weekly and monthly.

take it from my experience.revision will only help for the exam which is months away and also gives us the knowledge to tackle the difficult and new questions that are very frequent in aiims and aipgmee.revise 1 hour for every four hours of study,1 day of every week and two days of every month.memory turns to knowledge by timely revision.

6. Books to read

Gowri shankar(clinical & non clinical) dental pulse(clinical & non clinical) mudit khanna(2006 onwards) amit aashish(2007 onwards) wadhwan for aidpg papers dental explore for aims papers prabhakaran for cario n perio..be smart enough to frame new qtns from explanations. buy any of the qtn paper banks for each subject.do every qtn and mark them by red for unknown qtns/ guess qtns and green for old known qtns which are simple.
always revise only the red marked questions. compile all the model papers of target coaching classes,weekly and monthly, subjectwise.attempt them and color code them.revise the red qtns.this will get you many new qtns in aiims and aipgmee.

7. Statergy for the exam preparation.

pg exam is a task and a task is best learned by practise. strategy is very essential for proper execution of a task. the coaching classes are the place where we learn the task and we practise them continously.give every exam seriously. I highly recommend you to attempt any of all india level mock tests monthly.attempt them seriously as the true exam and aim at reaching the dream rank you have decided for yourself.try harder each time you write each month and ultimately the real exam results will bring you the dream seat

8. Keep yourself motivated.

the race is won when you fight till the end with same zeal. share your dream with the god.let your prayers be the time to realize the presence of divinity and immense potential in you.ask god to keep you as focused as ever. share your dream with your loved one, your best friend or someone who sincerely wants you to get the dream as much as you or even more.that person will be the needed source of motivation for you to keep moving ahead, focussed and determined.even while resting, be motivated and feel for your dream.


9. Time to complete the preparation.

Aiims----- atleast by september.complete the books and mcq papers.the real utility of effective revision you did as described will be evident when you start revising the topics.revision will be less time consuming now.

Aipgmee------- atleast by october, then revise the red marked qtns alone and even during revision months of nov and dec,remind yoursef to revise daily and weekly.
these timings are not strict but ideal to complete the revision adequately.

10. The exam strategy-

Remember, 3days or 3weeks or 3months or 3years whatever your duration of preparation ,what counts is 3 hours of the exam. the exam pattern is well known.200qtns in 3 hrs.make a simple and effective strategy of attempting qtns.practise this strategy in all mock exams you write,refine it and have a perfect picture of how you will approach the paper on the big day. no late night effort on day before exam ,minimum 6 hours of sleep no hurry reading in morning, say prayers,get blessings from parents in the morning. reach early to the centre.revise your strategy to do qtns in exam. 180 plus attempt is mandatory in aipgdee avoid mistakes of roll number and answer marking on omr sheet.

I have tried to suggest few things which have helped me and will help you too.best wishes,god bless you all with your dream seat..

with prayers to god,

Dr Rohit Singh

Pgi chandigarh rank 12th dec
Pgi chandigarh rank 3rd june

TOOTH MORPHOLOGY


Biggest, Tallest, Widest, Best, Only, Fastest, and Most Likely Teeth:

The widest mesio-distally: mandibular first molar
The widest ANTERIOR mesio-distally: maxillary central
The only tooth with a pulp wider mesio-distally than facio-lingually: maxillary central
The widest facio-lingually:  maxillary first molar
The widest ANTERIOR facio-lingually:  maxillary canine
The only tooth that is narrower facially than lingually: maxillary first molar
The tallest tooth inciso-gingivally:
#1= maxillary canine

#2= mandibular canine


The tallest crown inciso-gingivally:
#1= mandibular canine

#2= maxillary central

#3= maxillary canine

The longest root inciso-gingivally: maxillary canine

The most symmetrical: mandibular central
The smallest: mandibular central
The narrowest mesio-distally: mandibular central
The narrowest and smallest-rooted pre-molar: mandibular first

The most congenitally malformed or missing:
#1= third molars

#2= maxillary lateral

The pre-molar most likely to be congenitally missing= mandibular second pre-molar
The best developed lingual anatomy: maxillary lateral
The most likely to have dens-in-dente: maxillary lateral

The greatest constriction from pulp chamber to canals: maxillary first pre-molar
The pre-molar most likely to have 1 root and 1 canal: mandibular second
The anterior tooth most likely to have a bifurcated root: mandibular canine

The only tooth with 2 triangular ridges on 1 cusp: maxillary first molar
The only tooth with a mesio-lingual groove: mandibular first pre-molar
The only tooth with a root that is inclined mesially: mandibular canine

The only teeth with crown concavities:
maxillary first pre-molar (mesial)

maxillary first molar (distal)


The only teeth with a longer mesial cusp slope than distal:
maxillary first pre-molar

primary maxillary canine

Glossary of Dental Morphology - Axial Contours, Proximal Contacts Embrasures and Primary Dentition




Each tooth contacts adjacent teeth on both of its proximal surfaces except

Third Molars

Generally contact areas are more facially/distally located

facially

The proximal contact that involves the mesial of 2 different teeth is found wheret

between both max and mand central incisors

Proximal contacts lend support to what aspect of the dental arch
entire dental arch

give the incisocervical location of the max and mand cent, lateral and canines

IJ, JM, JM
II, II, IM

What is the name of the gentle curve formed if you connect the proximal contacts of the posterior teeth in 1 quadrant

Curve of Spee

The lingual inclination of the mand post teeth and the buccal inclination of the maxillary teeth for what curve
Curve of Wilson


MM, MM, MM, MM, M - maxillary
MM, MM, MM, MM, M - mandibular

Summarize the contacts of an entire quadrant with respect to occluso/inciso cervical location
IJ, JM, JM, MM, MM, MM, MM, M - maxillary
II, II, IM MM, MM, MM,MM, M - mandibular
What are the general rules in regards to the proximal contact incis/occlusocervical relation of the teeth in a quadrant
1. The more anterio the tooth, the more incisal/occlussal the proximal contact is

2. For any tooth, the mesial contact area is always more toward the incisal/occlusal surface than the distal
The interdental papilla generally has what shape
triangular
(PS- In 3D view, Pyramidal shape for Anterior teeth and Tent shaped for Posterior teeth, Added by Kumar Anshul)
In healthy mouths the saggy tentlike area of tissue in the interproximal area is called
Col
What are the 3 types of embrasures
Incisal/occlusal, lingual, and facial

IN CLASS WILSON SPOKE OF A FOURTH CALLED THE GINGIVAL WHICH IS OPPOSITE THE INCISAL/OCCLUSAL
What provides a natural spillway to help move food out of the occlusal area during chewing
Embrasure - they also help expose teeth to oral fluids and mechanical cleansing action of tongue, lips and cheeks

Besides facial and lingual embrasures being confluent(indistinguishable) from the interdental area, it is also confluent with what other structure
The occlusal/incisal embrasure
In the anterior teeth, the lingual and facial embrasures are roughly _________ and the posterior teeth embrasures have facial embrasures that are __________ compared to the lingual ones
equal in depth, shallower
An imaginary line circling the tooth at its greatest bulger or circumference is called
Height of Contour
The proximal contacts lie which direction of the HOC
On the HOC

The facial and lingual contacts are best seen from what view of a tooth
proximal

Where are anterior teeth have facial and lingual HOC's usually located incisocervically where

cervical 1/3 of crown

Where are the lingual HOCs of all posterior teeth located
Middle 1/3

Where are the facial HOCs of all posterior teeth
Cervical 1/3

All max teeth exhibit facial and lingual contours that meausre how big

1/2 mm

what is the measurement of the HOCs for sll the mand anterior teeth

< 1/2 mm

what is the measurement of the facial HOCs for the mand posteriors

1/2 same as that for max posteriors

What is the measure of the lingual HOCs on the mand posteriors

1mm

the flat line from the cervical line to HOC is called?
emergence profile

What kind of emergence profile can give a halo effect around the tooth gingiva
Convex Emergence Profile

What are the functions of the embrasures and proximal contacts working together
Support arch, move food out of occlusal area which also prevents food impaction, protect the peridontium, distribute forces of masitcation

Is the gingival or incisal/occlusal embrasure always larger
gingival

As you move from the centerline of the arch posteriorly, which embrasure gets smaller and which gets larger, Incisal/Occlusal or Gingival
Gingival gets smaller, incisal gets larger

The proximal surface of a tooth is always _______ or ________ but never ________ below the contact are
a
concave, flat, but never convex

what is the only tooth that has a mesial concavity
max 1st premolar

Where is the contact on ant teeth located faciolingually
closed to middle more facial if its not

Which facial cusps are slightly more centered than the other, mandibular or maxillary
Mandibular facial cusps are generally more centered

If you restore a tooth and the embrasure spaces are too small what can happen

you empenge on the interdental papilla and can cause inflammation

T or F permanent dentition has thicker enamel and dentin than the primary dentition
T

Which dentiton has more pronounced pulp horns, primary or permanent

Primary

Does the primary or permanent dentition have longer roots in relation to the crown size
primary

T or F the roots in posterior primary teeth do not tend to flare that much
F, they flare out alot more

Where does the permanent tooth root bud tend to sit in relation to the primary tooth

It sits in between the area that is formed by the 'flaring" out of the roots

T or F primary teeth are more prone to inflammation due to high number of cell turnovers
F, although they have a more bulbous apperance which would tend to cause inflamation the high turnover limits inflammation

What permanent tooth do the primary 2nd molars resemble
permanent 1st molars

Which primary tooth has a distinctive mesial-facial bulge
Primary 1st molars

When a primary tooth exfoliates normally, what is a characteristic of its root
usually theres no root because it is resorbed which enables tooth to fall out

T or F the primary teeth dont act like space maintainers for the permanent teeth
F

Primary teeth tend to appear more bulbous than permanent teeth due to what
Constriction at the CEJ

Which dentition has smaller facial and lingual HOCs, the permanent or primary
permanent have smaller HOC
HOCs on primary teeth sometimes called cervical or gingival ridge

Which central incisors usually preced the others in eruption in the primary dentition
the mandibs usually erupt before maxillary

What cause the primary teeth to appear to be whiter than permanent teeth
less dense dentin, remember dentin gives tooth yellow/brownish color

The primary maxillary central incisor is wider in which direction mesiodistally or incisocervicaly
mesiodistally, this is disimilar to the permanent dentition.

This wider mesiodistal characteristic is true for all anterior teeth in the primary dentition

The primary max central has how many lobes and pulp horns
4 lobes, 3 horns

Which of the two max incisors which is wider mesiodistally
Central is wider than lateral

Which primary max incisor has the more prominent cingulum
Central, but the lateral has more prominent marginal ridges

When looking at a proximal view of the primary ant teeth, they tend to have their incisal edges what in relation to the longitudinal axis of the too
They tend to have incisal edge centered on the longitudinal axis. This is opposite of the permanent ant teeth

On the primary mand incisors is the lingual anatomy less/more distinct than that of the primary max incisors
less distinct on primary mand incisors

Which tooth has the great incisocervical lenght, the primary mand lateral or central

lateral is longer and slightly wider too

Which primar mand incisor has a longer root
the lateral has longer root than central

Which cusp ridge is longest on the primar max canine
the mesial

NOTE on the primary mand the distal cusp ridge is longer

What are the 3 horns of the primary max canine named
distal, central(largest), mesial(smallest)

Which primary canine is wider mesiodistally
maxillary

What is the general outline of the primary max 1st molar
triangular

how many cusps does the more common form of the primary max 1st molar have
Generally 3(lacks distolingual) but can have 4

On 4 cusp version distolingual is smalles cusp

T or F the oblique ridge found in max molars of the permanent dentition is also found on primary max molars

T however on the 3 cusped version the oblique ridge blends with the distal marginal ridge (oblique ridge runs from DF to ML cusps)

Which cusp is largest and longest of the 2 facial cusps on primary max 1st molar
Mesiofacial

Which cusp on the primary max 1st molar is the largest overall

mesiolingual

Whats is the name of the groove that separates the mesiolingual and distolingual cusp(if present) on primary max 1st molar
distolingual groove

T or F  Which  primary max 1st molar has the same number and arrangement of cusps as does the permanent max 1st molar
T, the names are the distofacial, lingual, mesiofacial roots

The size of the 3 roots on primary max 1st molar are from biggest to littlest
lingual, mesiofacial, distofacial

The primary 2nd max molar resembles which permanent tooth

permanent max 1st molar, it is rhomboid shaped occlusally and the facioingual measurement is greater than the mesiodistal measurement

which primary max molar is largest
2nd

how many cusps does the primary max 2nd molar generally have
generally 4 but can have 5th(cusp of carabelli)

Which of the 4 primary cusps on the primary max 2nd molar are widest and smallest
ML is largest, DL is smallest

The longest cusp on the primary max 2nd molar is the
ML, the other 3 are roughly equal length

How many roots and pulp horns does the primary max 2nd molar have
3 roots, and either 4 or 5 horns depending on number of cusps

What is the relationship of the faciolingual measurement of the primary mand 1st molar that makes it different
its very small measurement in faciolingual direction

on the primary mand 1st molar describe the cusp tips size relationships
both the lingual and facial mesial cusps are wider/longer than their distal counterparts

NOTE mesiofacial cusp slightly larger than mesiolingual

T or F the primary max molarss have a transverse ridge across the occlusal surface while the primary mand 1st molar has an oblique ridge on its occlusal surface

F, the maxillaries have oblique ridge and mand 1st has transverse ridge

How many roots do the primary mand 1st molars have
2 just like the permanent mand molars
mesial and distal, mesial is bigger and usually has 2 canals
The primary mand 2nd molar closely resembles what permanent tooth
mand 1st molar
difference is that primary 2nd has more bulbous appearance and is smaller relative size
The primary mand 2nd molar is distinguished by its mesiodistal measurement being what
greater than its faciolingual measurement

How many cusps does the primary mand 2nd molar have
5, the DF is the longest

How do the lingual cusps of the primary 2nd molar compare to each other as far as size goes
pretty equal

What cusps is the facial pit of the primary mand 2nd molar located between
MF and DF

Which primary mand molar has the larger roots
2nd has larger roots

How many canals are in the mesial root of the primary mand molars usually
2

By Jamshid Mubarak

NBDE Part 2 Study Materials


  • Endodontics



  • Epidemiology & Dental Literature




  • Medically Compromised Patients









    • Periodontics




  • NBDE Part 1 - 2010 Remembered Questions


    NBDE I 2010

    1. 4~5 very detailed questions about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; characteristics, manifestations, symptoms of progressed/advanced case, serologic testing, corelation to Rheumatoid factor (RF)

    2.2~3 questions for Bone healing process; histologic feature after 4 years of healing

    3. Which is not a cause of thrombosis; know the causes of thrombosis very well – hypertention? Hypercoagulation of blood? Turbulence or stasis of blood?

    4. Advantage of dry-heat sterilization over autoclaving

    5. Where is the most common site the lung cancer found? Bonchiole epithelium? Bronchus epithelium? Alveolar? Pleural layer?

    6. Stimulation of salivary gland by Nicontinic? Or Muscarinic?

    7.2 questions for ethics / Know the definitions for 4 principles from ethics class; beneficial, autonomus, etc.

    8. Know the circle of Willis / which one is not a part of the circle of Willis; basilar artery?

    9. Q fever = Coxiella burnetii

    10. Why are Rickettsia notorious? Damage on endothelial cell? epithelial cell? Or other pathologic mechanism?

    11. Jaundice on Hepatitis A patient. Why? / Hepatic cell damage?

    12. Know the details about similarities and differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. 4~5 questions

    13. The layers in order of epiphyseal plate; reserve zone, proliferative zone, hypertrophy zone, calcification zone, and ossification zone?

    14. Know the layers of epidermis and contents / where can you find tonofibril?

    15. Know the caclification of permanent teeth / at least anteriors, canines, and 1st molars

    16. Antigen presenting cells; Macrophage, Dendritic cell, and B cell

    17. From facial view, the shape of mesial side of maxillary canine from contact point to cervical line / straight, concave, convex? Or shorter than distal, or longer than distal side?

    18. 6~8 questions for TMJ; innervation, pain sensation, nutrition for disc, blood supply, superior/inferior space / TMJ is load-bearing joint? Not sure / Hinge and translation movements

    19. Sagittal view of envelop movement of mandible, know the points

    20. Classic questions for sublingual contents related to hyoglossus muscle / lingual artery

    21. Which membrane is piereced by internal laryngeal nerve? Hyothyroid membrane

    22. Which nerve innervated to the below vocal folds? Internal laryngeal nerve?

    23. Know the blood supply to larynx
    asending pharyngeal

    24. Which nerve passing between superior and middle constrictor muscles? Glossopharyngeal nerve?

    25. Know V(D)J recombination of antibody / mechanism

    26. High fatty diet stimulates which endocrine cell?

    27. Listeria monocytogens = risk of spontaneous abortion

    28. Know Beriberi / which enzyme is affected by thiamine deficiency?

    29. CN 5 nucleus for pain and temperature / Spinal trigeminal nucleus

    30. sequence of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol / skin >> liver >> kidney

    31. 17 y/o girl, acute periodontitis, but has spare plaque. Which bacteria causes this symptom?

    32. The most common bacteria on skin / Strep? Or Staphy?

    33. ATP synthesis during glycolysis / which enzyme involved? / pyruvate kinase

    34. Which vein drains into the left renal vein and inferior vena cava / gonadal vein

    35. Muscle innervated by radial nerve / tricep

    36. what is the unique histologic feature of hepatic portal vein?

    37. which one is not a part of temporal bone? / foramen ovale = sphenoid bone

    38. superior orbital fissure / between lesser and greater wing of the sphinoid bone

    39. formation of retromandibular vein
    Superficial temporal and maxillary

    40. Posterior cusp height determinants / overjet and overbiet, and how they affect on cusp height?
    Larger overbite longer cusp. Larger overjet, shorter cusp. Steap eminensia angle. Longer cusp.

    41. Normal serum calcium and posphate concentration for adult male? / know specific number
    Ionized calcium (Ca) 1.03[11] , 1.10[2] 1.23[11] , 1.30[2] mmol/L …..4.1 [12] , 4.4[12] 4.9 [12] , 5.2[12] mg/dL
    Inorganic phosphorus (serum) 1.0[5] 1.5[5] mmol/L …..3.0[5] 4.5[5] mg/dL

    42. Which one does cover over the ulcer on hard palate?

    Those are all that I can recall. It was harder than I expected and there were some questions asking very specific details. I found only about 10 questions from previously released questions. It will be little bit challenging though, good luck every one!

    Nicitinic preganglion para syathetic.
    What is the product of cholesterol metabolism.
    Epi postsynaptic sypithetc
    What does parkinsons, eissimers, and something have in common.
    What nucleus does the sensory of the face synapes….VPM
    Vision synapse in laateral geniculate.
    Lenth will decrease. Resistace 8nl/pi r^4
    Angiotension.
    What vit deffience will caouse bleading C, K.
    Ascorbic acid
    Thiamine-carboxylation….carb and AA breakdown.
    Dry heat doest dull.
    Lisseria monocytogenes—neonatal meningitis. Neonatal cepsis. Fetal death
    Strep pneu, klessbsiela.= antiphagocytic capsul.
    Streptomycin-protein inhebitoer,
    Rockymountain fever.  tetracyclen,
    What inhibits gyrace- ceprophloxian.
    What would cause a underdeveloped or small orgin….. hypotrophy, aplasia.
    Scarlet fever- strep pyogens.
    What type of immune cells are pressent in advanced periodontitis…….?
    What causes painless hematouria……


    Most common of breast. Fibrocystic change
    Find out about breast cancer most common locations.