Sunday 20 November 2011

Agar hum DENTISTS na hote...

Agar hum dentists na hote toh:
*Pocket, jeb hoti.
*Catch sirf cricket match me hota.
*Elevator bas lift ko kaha jata.
*Steel wires ko yuhi modne me MAZA aata
*Model "analysis" bas ramp pe dekhkar kiya jata
*Wax diyo me dalneke kaam aata.
*Stone ka matlab patthar hota..
*"JR!" SIRF "junior" ka ek shortform hota!!*
Tray,chaay serve karne me use hota..
OS ka matab bass Operating System hi hota.. :P

Now Living life in a different way......!!

Blind man sees wife for first time after having a TOOTH implanted into his eye.

When Martin Jones met his wife four years ago, he never imagined that one day he would get to see what she looked like.
The 42-year-old builder was left blind after an accident at work more than a decade ago.
But a remarkable operation - which implants part of his tooth in his eye -  has now pierced his world of darkness.
The procedure, performed fewer than 50 times before in Britain, uses the segment of tooth as a holder for a new lens grafted from his skin.
'The doctors took the bandages off and it was like looking through water and then I saw this figure and it was her,' he said today.
'She's wonderful and lovely. It was unbelievable to see her for the first time.'
He added: 'When I found out there was a chance I would get my sight back, the first person I wanted to see was her.'
Mr Jones, from Rotherham, South Yorkshire, married his wife Gill, 50, four years ago.
By that time he had already spent eight years without his sight after a tub of white hot aluminium exploded in his face at work in a scrapyard.
He suffered 37 per cent burns and had to wear a special body stocking for 23 hours a day. He also had his left eye removed.
But surgeons were able to save the right eye, even though he was unable to see through it.
At first specialists in Nottingham tried to save his sight using stem cells from a donor but the attempt failed.
It was only when a revolutionary new operation was pioneered at the Sussex Eye Clinic in Brighton that he was given a chance to have his sight back.
 Christopher Liu
Surgeon Christopher Liu used a living tooth to carry a new lens because Mr Jones' eye could reject a plastic implant
During the procedure, a minute section of a patient's tooth is removed, reshaped and chiselled through to grip the man-made lens which is then placed in its core.
It is implanted under an eyelid where it becomes covered in tissue.
The process requires a living tooth as an implant because doctors suggest there are chances the eye would reject a plastic equivalent.
So a canine - which is the best option due to its shape and size - was taken out of Mr Jones' mouth.
A patch of skin is then taken from the inside of the cheek and placed in the eye for two months, where it gradually acquires its own blood supply.
The tooth segment is finally transplanted into the eye socket. The flap of grafted skin is then partially lifted from the eye and placed over its new sturdy base.
Finally, surgeons cut a hole in the grafted cornea to let light through.  
'I feel fantastic getting my sight back,' he said. 'I can't really describe it - it's beyond words. I was blind for 12 years and when my sight came back everything had changed.
'The first car I saw when my sight was restored was a Smart car and I couldn't stop laughing - I'd never seen one before and I thought it had been chopped in half.
'Getting my sight back has changed my life. It is such a precious gift and you don't really appreciate it until it is taken away .

'The doctors took the bandages off and it was like looking through water and then I saw this figure and it was her. She's wonderful and lovely. It was unbelievable to see her for the first time.'

'I have been so fortunate that my sight has been returned . I find it such a simple pleasure being able to see what is going on in the world.'
The eight-hour operation, pioneered by surgeon Christopher Liu, is designed to help patients who have corneal blindness but who are not suitable for traditional corneal transplants.
'When I first heard about the technique I couldn't believe it. I don't think many people can,' said Mr Jones.
'My friends just don't believe me . They think I'm pulling their leg or have just made it up.
'But when I take my glasses off they say 'oh my God' because my eye looks like something out of a sci-fi movie. They're just amazed at it.'
Mr Liu is a corneal specialist and Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon based at Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton.. He is also President of the British Society for Refractive Surgery.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1197256/Blind-man-sees-wife-time-having-TOOTH-implanted-eye.html#ixzz1eGN1kiUQ

Advances in All Ceramic Restorations

Saturday 19 November 2011

A dentist locked in a room?





A dentist locked in a room?


An orthodontist will try to expand the door borders and get out in 10 years


.
A prosthodontist will make an impression of the lock hole and cast a key.




A periodontist will dig his way around it.




An endodontist will rotate a thief wire in the lock.




A pedodontist will talk with the door and beg it till it open




A surgeon will smash the door open



Doctors of the Oral Medicine : Will keep observing the door every 6 months hoping that it will spontaneously open

Friday 18 November 2011

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in endodontics


Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a mixture of a refined Portland cement and bismuth oxide, and also contains trace amounts of SiO2, CaO, MgO, K2SO4, and Na2SO4. MTA was first described for endodontic applications in the scientific literature in 1993. Nowadays, there are two forms of MTA on the market, the traditional gray MTA (GMTA) and white MTA (WMTA), which was introduced in 2002. WMTA has less Al2O3, MgO, and FeO and, also, smaller particles than GMTA.

MTA is prepared by mixing the powder with sterile water in a 3:1 powder/liquid ratio. This results in the formation of a colloidal gel that solidifies to a hard structure in approximately 3–4h. It is believed that moisture from the surrounding tissues favours the setting reaction.

Similar or less microleakage has been reported for MTA compared to traditional endodontic sealing materials [gutta-percha and pastes] when used as an apical restoration, furcation repair, and in the treatment of immature apices. 3mm of MTA is recommended as the minimal amount against microleakage and 5mm in the treatment of immature apices. In vitro and in vivo studies support the biocompatibility of freshly mixed and set MTA when compared to other dental materials

Clinical applications of MTA include:
pulp capping,
pulpotomy dressing,
root-end filling,
root repair [resorption and perforations] and
apexification.

Clinical prospective studies suggest that both GMTA and WMTA have similar results as traditional calcium hydroxide in non-carious mechanical pulp exposures in teeth with normal pulp tissue. However, further clinical studies are needed, particularly involving pulp exposures in carious teeth.

Clinical prospective studies using MTA as pulpotomy dressings for primary and permanent teeth reported similar or better results for MTA materials compared to formocresol or calcium hydroxide in the formation of dentine bridges and continued root development. Histological analysis has suggested a more homogenous and continuous dentine bridge formation by MTA than calcium hydroxide at both 4 and 8 weeks after treatment and less inflammation associated with MTA than calcium hydroxide.

There are several case reports in which MTA has been successfully used to repair horizontal root fractures, root resorption, internal resorption, furcation perforations and apexification and/or apexogenesis which was confirmed clinically and radiographically.

Overall results on the use of MTA in endodontics are favourable, but more well-designed and controlled clinical longitudinal studies are needed to allow systematic review and confirmation of all suggested clinical indications of MTA.

You may be interested in a list of free full text scientific articles published in international peer-reviewed journals.


Sourcehttp://dental-materials.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2009-01-01T00:00:00%2B01:00&updated-max=2010-01-01T00:00:00%2B01:00&max-results=48

Thursday 17 November 2011

Historical significance of Forensic Odontology


Odontology is the study of teeth for the investigation of identity and crime. One of its main applications is in the identification of corpses and human remains, especially in mass disasters where other forms of identification may not be available because
A forensic expert examines a human jaw with gold teeth found in a mass grave near the Bosnian town of Miljevina in 2004.  DANILO KRSTANOVIC/REUTERS/CORBIS
A forensic expert examines a human jaw with gold teeth found in a mass grave near the Bosnian town of Miljevina in 2004. © DANILO KRSTANOVIC/REUTERS/CORBIS
the bodies have been burned or otherwise destroyed. Teeth are the most enduring part of the human body, apart from bone. Odontology is also used in the analysis of bite marks left at the scene of a crime. Although we are all born with the same number and type of teeth, the dental pattern of each individual is unique. Most people have dental records, or these can be created through making a dental impression from a suspect. These can then be compared to either teeth found on a corpse or to bite marks. Odontology has been used in many historical cases of identification and crime.
The use of teeth for identification goes back to Roman times. In the first century A.D., the Roman Emperor Claudius had his mistress, Lollia Paulina, beheaded and then demanded to examine the teeth on the body to ensure the right woman had been put to death. He knew she had a discolored front tooth. In another early example of dental identification, William the Conqueror, King of England in the eleventh century, would bite into wax used to seal official documents. His teeth were misaligned, so his bite mark guaranteed the documents' authenticity. In 1775, Paul Revere, famous for alerting American colonists to the approach of British forces, made a set of dentures for a friend, Dr. Joseph Warren, who was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill that year. Warren was buried in a mass grave, but his family wanted the body for a private burial. Revere was able to identify Warren's body through the dentures he had made. In a similar case in 1914, a dentist in Scotland helped to identify a corpse in a grave-robbing case. Such crimes were not uncommon at the time as the bodies were furnished to medical schools. The victim had recently been fitted with a denture and this was presented in court as evidence of her identity.
In United States courts, dental evidence was first presented in court in 1849 when the incinerated remains of a George Parkman were identified by Nathan Cooley Keep through a partial denture he had made for this patient. He proved identity by fitting the prosthesis onto the cast that had been used in its manufacture. The evidence led to the conviction and execution of a J.W. Webster for the murder.
The first use of dental records in the identification of victims of mass disaster was probably the fire at the Vienna Opera House in 1878. Dental remains were also used to identify some of the 126 dead in a fire in Paris in 1897, which prompted the writing of the first textbook on forensic dentistry by the pioneering figure Oscar Amoedo. Since then, forensic odontology has been used to identify the victims of many other major incidents such as plane crashes, fires, and terrorist attacks. For instance, in the year 2000, Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashed in California, killing 88 passengers and crew. A team of forensic dentists summoned to the scene found few intact jawbones and worked with partial post-mortem records, comparing these with the full ante-mortem dental charts which were sent to them from the victims' dentists. Over 100 dental remains were studied and compared with 68 complete dental records. In total, 22 of the victims were identified through their dental records. In the attacks on the World Trade Canter on September 11, 2001, only around half of the estimated 2,749 victims were ever identified, through a mixture of DNA, jewelry, and dental records.
Forensic dentistry has also been used to identify some notorious figures from the Nazi era, including Adolf Hitler, Martin Bormann, Eva Braun, and Joseph Mengele. The identity of John F. Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was confirmed through dental records. The remains of Czar Nicholas II and his family, who were shot during the 1917 Russian Revolution, were also initially identified from their teeth.
The first time bite marks were ever used as evidence in a criminal trial was in the 1954 case Doyle v. State of Texas. This involved an assailant who left his bite mark in a lump of cheese at the scene. A more
Arrest of notorious serial killer Nikolai Dzhurmongaliev in Russia in 1992 (shown handcuffed, center). Dental evidence helped link Dzhurmongaliev to over 100 murders, in part due to his false metal teeth.  PATRICK ROBERT/SYGMA/CORBIS
Arrest of notorious serial killer Nikolai Dzhurmongaliev in Russia in 1992 (shown handcuffed, center). Dental evidence helped link Dzhurmongaliev to over 100 murders, in part due to his false metal teeth.© PATRICK ROBERT/SYGMA/CORBIS
famous case is that of serial killer Ted Bundy who left a bite mark on the buttock of a victim, which helped secure his conviction in 1978.
SEE ALSO Bite analysisBundy (serial murderer) caseCasting.

Wednesday 16 November 2011

Dr. Jasdeep Kaur Joins NASA's Mission Mars



Dr Jasdeep Kaur, a dentist from Kapurthala district in Punjab, is all set to be part of NASA's Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) Mission 100B as its Health and Safety Officer. 


The 27-year-old Jasdeep Kaur will also double up as a biologist in Grand Junction, Colorado, U.S.A., where the mission is underway. She is part of the six-member crew of the Europe Space Agency.
A Mars-like atmosphere has been created in a desert in Grand Junction where the team is undertaking real-life experiments for the final mission to the planet.

Jasdeep Kaur's task in Grand Junction will go beyond just health and safety issues of the crew. She will prepare guidelines for the real MARS mission and will explore the deep subsurface of MDRS as well as the existence of deep subsurface organisms in the world.

Her parents, Dr Harbhajan Singh, a homeopath and mother, Ravinder Kaur, a manager with a national bank, are ecstatic about Jasdeep's achievement.
"Our daughter has keen interest in forensic odontology and space dentistry. Jasdeep is currently working on effect of microgravity on human body,"  Dr. Harbhajan Singh said.

 In 2008, Jasdeep Kaur was in Mangalore to receive the top honour from the prestigious Student Clinician American Dental Association for her table clinic. After her dental degree from Ludhiana, Punjab, she completed a double Master's in Forensic Odontology from Belgium.

Dr. Harbhajan Singh said the university, based on her research in space dentistry, recommended her name to the European Space Station. "There, she undertook research on the impact of space pressure on tooth and jaw. When the Mars mission came up, she applied and was selected after a series of interviews and tests," he said. 
Dr Jasdeep Kaur is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Aeronautic Dentistry and President of International Forensic Odontology. She has published three medical books and has four patents pending on her research studies.

[Courtesy: Deccan Herald]
March 14, 2011

Horny Dentist

Nurse enters

NURSE: Miss Maclean will see you now.

PATIENT: Thanks.
Nurse exits. Dentist enters.

DENTIST:Ah, hello Mr. Roberts. How are you today? Feeling frisky?

PATIENT: Ahaha. Not terribly.

DENTIST: Well, I'm sure we'll soon sort that out. Just take off your clothes – coat, yes, that’s right, and jump into the chair.

PATIENT: Er . . . right. (does so)

DENTIST: Open wide. Wider. Hmm. It's that cheeky little left molar, isn't it?

PATIENT: Uhuh.

DENTIST: Looks like it's gone bad. Very bad. When was the last time you had a cock up? A check-up?

PATIENT: Ingh ungh.

DENTIST: Six months? Oh dear. You have been a naughty boy. You've been a naughty boy and it looks like now you're being punished. Wouldn't you agree?

PATIENT: Enh.

DENTIST: Say yes doctor.

PATIENT: Enh occha.

DENTIST: Gooooood. I suppose you haven’t been cleaning properly.

PATIENT:  Noh heahry

DENTIST: Not really? Not at all, is what it looks like to me. You’ve been letting those nice white toothypegs of yours get dirty, haven’t you? And dirty little teeth, filthy little teeth are bad little teeth. (pokes mouth) Hmm?

PATIENT: Aaargh!

DENTIST:No pain no groin. Gain. That’s the dentist’s motto, Mr. Roberts. And like it or lump it is mine. There’s not much I can do for your renegade molar except give it a damn good drilling. OK?

PATIENT: Noh urghay!

DENTIST: Sorry, I didn’t quite catch that. Do you like it, Mr. Roberts?

PATIENT: Gnoh!

DENTIST :Do you lump it?

PATIENT: Gnyeh!

DENTIST: Not so much lumping it as bricking it, I’d say. I think you could do with a little injection just to calm you down.

PATIENT: Gnoh!

DENTIST: Please don’t be alarmed, Mr. Roberts, plenty of my more nervous patients have been served very happily under the influence of this particular cocktail of barbiturates. I test it on myself regularly so I know it’s all right.

PATIENT: Hemghp!

DENTIST: Now you may experience some discomfort when the needle goes in … and when you wake up you may feel as though you’ve been rectally invaded, but don’t worry, that’s quite a common reaction.

PATIENT:Hechp mneee!
Nurse enters.

NURSE: Miss Maclean? Your next patient is here.

DENTIST: Oh dear. What a shame. I’m afraid your time is up, Mr. Roberts. No injection for you today. (Removes fingers from Roberts’s mouth)

PATIENT: (almost weeping with relief) Thank you … oh, thank you!

NURSE: I’ll show you out, Mr. Roberts.

DENTIST: Same time next week then?

PATIENT: Absolutely, darling.

Nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer cement: "nano-ionomer" Ketac N100


In addition to conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, a nano-filled resin-modified glass ionomer cement, or “nano-ionomer”, was developed by 3M ESPE a couple of years ago – Ketac N100.

It is stated by the manufacturer that indications for the use of this nano-ionomer include primary teeth restorations, small Class I, Class III and IV, temporary restorations, filling defects and undercuts, “sandwich” technique with resin-based composites, core build-ups with min 50% of the remaining tooth for support.

The nano-ionomer is based on the acrylic and itaconic acid copolymers necessary for the glass-ionomer reaction with fluoroaluminosilicate (FAS) glass and water. The nano-ionomer also contains a blend of resin monomers, BisGMA, TEGDMA, PEGDMA and HEMA which polymerize via the free radical addition upon curing and it is stated that the primary curing mechanism is by light activation. The originality of this glass-ionomer cement is the inclusion of nano-fillers which constitute up to two thirds of the filler content (circa 69 wt%).

Other advantages stated by the manufacturer are a simplified procedure which requires the priming but not the separate conditioning step and a precise dispensing and mixing “clicker” mechanism.

In spite of its uniqueness amongst other dental formulations, the nano-ionomer has not been investigated to a greater extent in the scientific dental literature. Medline search using the keyword “Ketac N100” resulted in only 4 papers in international peer-reviewed journals. Another paper was found using the keyword “nano-ionomer”. It is my pleasure to mention that the first of these 5 papers was done in Serbia by my colleagues from the Paediatric Dept of the School of Dentistry, Belgrade and the Dept. of Dentistry School of Medicine, Novi Sad.

It has been reported that fluoride concentration on material surface is similar for Ketac N100 and other glass-ionomer cements from the Fuji “family” but Ketac N100 showed less porosities and surface cracks than Fuji materials (Markovic et al 2008).

A study on bonding orthodontic brackets showed significantly lower shear bond strength for Ketac N100 compared to a conventional light-cure orthodontic bonding adhesive (Transbond XT). However, it has been suggested that this nano-ionomer may be used for bonding orthodontic brackets since the obtained shear bond strength is within clinically acceptable range (Uysal et al. 2009).

Another study using the shear bond strength as an adhesion parameter showed that Er:YAG laser dentine pre-treatment results in lower bond strength values compared to acid etching or a combined acid-etching and laser pre-treatment (Korkmaz et al. 2009).

A study on microleakage around Class V cavities showed that Er:YAG preparation results in greater microleakage than a conventional cavity preparation with a bur when a nano-ionomer (Ketac N100) and a nano-composite (Filtek Supreme XT) were used as restorative materials (Ozel et al. 2009).

In a study by Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster it has been concluded that Ketac N100 “bonded as effectively to enamel and dentin as a conventional glass-ionomer (Fuji IX GP), but bonded less effectively than a conventional resin-modified glass-ionomer (Fuji II LC). Its bonding mechanism should be attributed to micro-mechanical interlocking provided by the surface roughness, most likely combined with chemical interaction through its acrylic/itaconic acid copolymers” (Coutinho et al. 2009).

More research is needed to investigate other mechanical properties of the nano-ionomer, its biochemical stability in the oral environment, fluoride release etc. Ultimately, well-designed randomized clinical trials will reveal the longevity and anti-cariogenic effect of this material in clinical conditions.

References:
  • Markovic DLj, Petrovic BB, Peric TO. Fluoride content and recharge ability of five glassionomer dental materials. BMC Oral Health 2008; 28:8-21.
  • Uysal T, Yagci A, Uysal B, Akdogan G. Are nano-composites and nano-ionomers suitable for orthodontic bracket bonding? Eur J Orthod 2009; Apr 28 [epub ahead of print]
  • Korkmaz Y, Ozel E, Attar N, Ozge Bicer C. Influence of different conditioning methods on the shear bond strength of novel light-curing nano-ionomer restorative to enamel and dentin. Laser Med Sci 2009; Aug 18 [epub ahead of print]
  • Ozel E, Korkmaz Y, Attar N, Bicer CO, Firatli E. Leakage pathway of different nano-restorative materials in class V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser and bur preparation. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:783-789
  • Coutinho E, Cardoso MV, De Munck J, Neves AA, Van Landuyt KL, Poitevin A, Peumans M, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Bonding effectiveness and interfacial characterization of a nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer. Dent Mater 2009; 25:1347-1357

Tuesday 15 November 2011

What to learn from AIIMS- Nov 11




With the discussion about AIIMS Nov 2011,


There has been change in a usual comment , till last year we got feedback like -- " Just Mug up MK and Amit Aashish ,,,,,Oh it was just the copy- paste from medical paper---- etc etc. "


Now That we had a bit more of depth , a bit more of new questions.. we get a  hint for prep for upcoming exams . especially AIPG.

Dont Mug up the answers . It doesnt help !!!


Dont just read explanation on MCQ books and be satisfied, If you feel the topic is new , refer back  the standard books , google books  and note down some information about that topic in your handy -- Notes book ( for those who hate wirting --  please make a lil effort , to write down , you may use shorthand !! anyways FB would have trained you in that :) ,, but do write down)


Always think .. as if you are an examiner when you reading related theory -- that will automatically boost up your senses of noticing the probable MCQ  and that makes reading a bit more fun.


Read information the way you read news, or see national geographic .. dont read it in stress. That will make it easy to remember things .. and again note down important points.


Rather I would recommend , dedicate half a page / topic ( if u are using a long notebook) , use colors for heading and some important words ( Visual memory counts). But when I say half a page that doesnt mean you have to fill it ... :) .. you can leave that space if you arent getting something good to fill :)  .. you may get something better to put in there  later .. may be.


TIME : as always very important - so make sure your dont linger in one topic for very long . Internet is a big big ..maze .. you may get lost .. so keep a track of time .. as soon as u feel you have a decent info .. move ahead to next topic/ MCQ.


Now there is no end to knowledge , .. so dont feel panicky if you come across so much of information that you dint know before , Just give in your best and be happy for the new knowledge you got , today :), happiness brings happiness .. so in any case .. be happy .


And in all this process , dont neglect those repeated MCQS :) u still need to dedicate a major part of your day in reading repeated MCQs , Old papers etc. But Again dont mug it up .. as it doesnt help !!! try to know the topics.

ALL THE BEST

By Dr. Swati Patel (AIM MDS)