Monday 31 October 2011

You know you are a DENTAL STUDENT when. . .



  • Your idea of a nightmare involves your teeth falling out.  Dreams about ghosts or getting shot are soo overrated.
  • You can’t help it when your gaze inadvertently drops about 3 inches south of a person’s eyes when you speak to them, even though you know it makes people feel uncomfortable, like how talking to a totally random person who just happens to be a psychologist makes you paranoid that they’re psychoanalyzing you.
  • It’s even worse if said person has chipped/crooked/crowded/stained/restored teeth because all you can think about is how much nicer they’d look if they got a nice set of veneers.
  • You’ve gotten really good at applying liquid eyeliner and eye makeup in general because hours upon hours of drilling teeth has taught you how to have a super steady hand.
  • You used to freak out whenever your clinical instructor would tell you to drill 0.5 mm deeper.  Now you’ve gotten so used to itty-bitty measurements that 1 mm might as well be a kilometer long in your book.
  • You pass the time at boring dinner parties and social functions by analyzing what type of occlusion everyone has…and how best to fix it.
  • 24/7 has taken on a whole new meaning now, because with your 7-day schedule you find yourself spending more time at the university clinic than you do at your own home.
  • You get a serious guilt-trip if you go to bed without brushing your teeth.
  • Which is why, no matter how tired you are, you’ve gotta run that brush over those teeth at least a few times.
  • You used to think you had a pretty nice set of teeth, until you learned about malocclusion in orthodontics II and discovered the crossbite on your left upper second premolar.
  • Dental school has stressed you out so much that you’ve developed nocturnal bruxism.  (Bye-bye cusps, hello attrition.)
  • You have tiny cuts, scabs, and burns scattered all over your fingers from all the little accidents you’ve had in the lab.
  • You don’t flinch at the sight of gingival hyperplasia anymore, although once upon a time it used to make you want to hurl.
  • You wouldn’t touch sodas or sugary drinks with a 10-foot pole.
  • (But that doesn’t mean that chocolate is banned.  Chocolate would never be banned in your book, even if you were a raging diabetic.)
  • When stuck in traffic, you find yourself glancing over at a neighboring driver’s profile just to analyze what type of Angel Class they are.
  • When you see a person with a perfect set of teeth, you can’t help but wonder if it’s natural or the  result of some really flawless crowns.
  • To you, teeth is the equivalent of dental porn.

How do LASERS work in Dentistry ?

Lasers have been used in dentistry since 1994 to treat a number of dental problems. But, despite FDA approval, no laser system has received the American Dental Association's (ADA) Seal of Acceptance. That seal assures dentists that the product or device meets ADA standards of safety and efficacy, among other things. The ADA, however, states that it is cautiously optimistic about the role of laser technology in the field of dentistry. These lasers are different from the cold lasers used in phototherapy for the relief of headaches, pain, and inflammation.
Still, some dentists are using lasers to treat:

  • Tooth decay. Lasers are used to remove decay within a tooth and prepare the surrounding enamel for receipt of the filling. Lasers are also used to "cure" or harden a filling.
  • Gum disease. Lasers are used to reshape gums and remove bacteria during root canal procedures.
  • Biopsy or lesion removal. Lasers can be used to remove a small piece of tissue (called a biopsy) so that it can be examined for cancer. Laser are also used to remove lesions in the mouth; and relieve the pain ofcanker sores.
  • Teeth whitening. Lasers are used to speed up the in-office teeth whitening procedures. A peroxide bleaching solution, applied to the tooth surface, is "activated" by laser energy, which speeds up of the whitening process.

How Do Lasers Work in Dentistry?

All lasers work by delivering energy in the form of light. When used for surgical and dental procedures, the laser acts as a cutting instrument or a vaporizer of tissue that it comes in contact with. When used for "curing" a filling, the laser helps to strengthen the bond between the filling and the tooth. When used in teeth whitening procedures, the laser acts as a heat source and enhances the effect of tooth beaching agents.

What Are the Pros and Cons of Using a Laser in Dentistry?

Pros
Compared to the traditional dental drill, lasers:
  • May cause less pain in some instances, therefore, reducing the need for anesthesia
  • May reduce anxiety in patients uncomfortable with the use of the dental drill
  • Minimize bleeding and swelling during soft tissue treatments
  • May preserve more healthy tooth during cavity removal
Cons
The disadvantages of lasers are that:
  • Lasers can't be used on teeth with fillings already in place.
  • Lasers can't be used in many commonly performed dental procedures. For example, lasers can't be used to fill cavities located between teeth, around old fillings, and large cavities that need to be prepared for a crown. In addition, lasers cannot be used to remove defective crowns or silver fillings, or prepare teeth for bridges.
  • Traditional drills may still be needed to shape the filling, adjust the bite, and polish the filling even when a laser is used.
  • Lasers do not eliminate the need for anesthesia.
  • Laser treatment tends to be more expensive since the cost of the laser is much higher than a dental drill. Lasers can cost between $39,000 and $45,000 compared to about $600 for a standard drill.

LASERS used in Operative Dentistry- Powerpoint Presentation

LASERS USED IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

 1 year ago

LASER
S USED IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY - Presentation Transcript

  1. GOOD AFTERNOON
  2. LASERS USED IN OPERATIVE DENTISTRY 
    GUIDED BY:
    Prof. H.D.Adhikary Dept. of Conservative Dentistry
    Dr.R.Ahmed Dental College & Hospital
  3. CONTENTS
    Introduction
    History of lasers
    Components of lasers
    Types of lasers
    Application of laserin operative dentistry
    Summary
  4. INTRODUCTION
    Dentistry has advanced a lot.
    Among various advances, one which have good scope of improvement is the use oflasersin dentistry.
    Recent advances in laser technology will bring revolution in dentistry.
    Laser is an acronym forlightamplification by stimulatedemission ofradiation.
  5. DISCOVERY OF LASERS:
    It was discovered by Shallow & Towns in 1958.
    First workinlaser was built by Mailman of
    Hughesresearch laboratories in 1960.
    HISTORY OF LASERIN DENTISTRY:
    Vain used a ruby laser & reported extensive deep 
    destruction of carious tissue along with
    meltinof dentin.
    Paghdiwala[U.S.A] in 1988,first time tested the 
    ability of Er:yag laser on dental hard tissue.
    In 1997,Er:yag laser was cleared for marketing by
    Food & drug administration of U.S.A.
  6. COMPONENTS OF LASER
    There are 3 main parts of laser delivery system.
    (1).LASING OR ACTIVE MEDIUM
    • It is the material which is capable of absorbing
    the energy produced by the external source
    through subatomic configuration of its 
    component molecules & subsequently giving the
    excess energy as photons of light.
    • It can be solid, liquid or gas.
  7. (2).ENERGY OR PUMPING SOURCE
    • It is used to excite or pump the atoms in
    lasing medium to their higher energy levels
    that are essential for laser production.
    • It can be electrical,thermal,chemical or
    optical.
    (3).OPTICAL OR RESONATING CHAMBER
    • The lasing medium is located within the
    optical chamber.
    • It is a cylindrical structure with fully
    reflecting mirror on one side & partially 
    reflecting mirror on other side--parallel 
    to each other. 
    • This arrangement allows reflection of photons
    of light, back & across the chamber.
    • It will result in production of intense photo
    resonance within the medium. 
  8. TYPES OF LASERS
    2 categories of lasers are used in medicine & dentistry
    (1).HARD LESARS
    -Longer wavelength
    - Cuts the tissue by ablation.
    - Used for tooth & bone applications.
    (2).SOFLASERS OR LOW LEVEL LASERS
    - Low energy wavelengths
    - Cuts tissues by coagulation,vapourisation & carbonisation.
  9. - They are believed to stimulate circulation
    & cellular activity & causes various effects
    such as anti-inflammatory,vascular,muscle
    relaxant,analgesia& tissue healing.
    There are many types of lasers used in 
    dentistry, depending upon their active medium
    (1).CARBONDIOXIDE LASER
    - WAVELENGTH:10.6um
    USES: SOFT TISSUES , DENTIN DESENSITIZATION
    (2).ARGON LASERS
    - WAVELENGTH:488,514.5um
    USES: CURING , SOFT TISSUE DESENSITIZATION
  10. (3).Nd:YAG[NEODYMIUM:YTTRIUM-ALLUMINIUM
    GARNET] LASER
    - WAVELENGTH:1.064um
    USES: SOFT TISSUE DESENSITIZATION , ANALGESIA
    TOOTH WHITENING , PERIODONTICS,
    ENDODONTICS
    (4).KTP[POTASIUM-TITANYL PHOSPHATE] LASER
    (5).HELIUM-NEON[He-Ne]
    (6).RUBY LASER
    (7).EXCIMER LASER
  11. (8).HOLMIUM[Ho]:YAGLASER
    (9).ERBIUM[Er]:YAG LASER
    - WAVELENGTH:2.94um
    USES: HARD TISSUE
    (10).ERBIUM-CHROMIUM[Er-Cr]:YSGG LASER
    - WAVELENGTH: 2.79um
    USES: HARD TISSUE
    (11).DIODE
    - WAVELENGTH: 800-830um
    USES:SOFT TISSUE , PERIODONTICS
  12. Effects of lasers
  13. Effects on tissues on certain temperatures
    60`
    100`
    200`
  14. APPLICATION OF LASERIN OPERATIVEDENTISTRY
    DIAGNOSIS OF DENTAL CARIES
    (A).INFRARED LASER FLUORESCENCE
    [DIAGNODENT]
    - Diagnodent is an instrument, recently designed to facilitate the detection of dental caries.
    - Used for detection of caries on occlusal & smooth surface.
  15. (B).LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE
    -Kutsch in 1992,illuminated carious & non carious tissue with argon laser along with dark field photography.
    - He reported that while illuminating, carious lesion
    has clinical appearance of dark,fiery,orange-
    red colour.
  16. CARIES DETECTION
  17. CAVITY PREPARATION WITH LASER
    - NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE BEEN PERFORMED FOR THE USE OF Er:yag LASER FOR CAVITY PREPARATION.
    - Results of studies says that little or no noticeable pulp reaction is produced while preparing the cavity with Er:yag laser.
    - It is safe & can be used for cavity preparation.
  18. CAVITY PREPARATION
    WITH LASERS
  19. Effect on carious lesions
  20. ADDITIONAL BENEFITS
    A.)minimises patient fear of the drill.
    B.)no irritating sound like traditional drills.
    C.)the cavity with laser preparation appears open,patent,fresh & devoid of all debris.
    D.)mono-infection with Enterococcusfaecalis is avoided - hence sterile cavity.
    E.)melts the dentin & blocks the tubules,thus hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity is ruled out.
  21. PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES WITH
    LASERS
    Laser can be used for prevention of dental caries.
    Different types of laserincreases the resistance to dental caries by reducing the rate of demineralization ofsubstance of enamel & dentin.
    Argon laser alters the surface characteristics of enamel to make it caries resistant.
    -
    -
    -
    -
  22. MECHANISM OF ACTION
    Carbonate is lost from carbonated appetite mineral of tooth durinlaser irradiation
    Pulsed co2 laser irradiation interacts with the 
    phosphate group in dental materials
    It gets preferentially absorbed & transformed
    efficiently to heat
    Carbonated hydroxyapetite in the surface & in the 
    immediate subsurface of enamel is heated at temp.
    greater than 400`c
    Carbonate is decomposed, leaving behind the a 
    hydroxyapetitelike mineral that is less soluble
  23. BLEACHING WITH LASERS
    - Power bleaching is the term used for accelerated
    in-office tooth whitening procedures, usinlaser or
    Xenon plasma arc-curing light.
    (A).ARGON LASER
    - A true laser light is delivered to chemical agent.
    - The action is to stimulate crystals in the chemical.
    - No thermal effect, so less dehydration of enamel.
    - The treatment time is 10sec. per application per tooth.
    It is the advantageous for clinician & patient.
  24. (B).DIODE LASER
    - A true laser light produced from a solid state
    source.
    - It is ultra fast, taking 3 to 5 sec. to activate
    bleaching agent.
    - This type of lasers produce no heat.
  25. PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF COMPOSITE RESIN WITH LASER
    - ARGON LASERS ARE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE.
    - FOR POLYMERIZATION OF CAMPHORQUINONE
    ACTIVATED COMPOSITE RESIN,THE ARGON LASER
    INCREASES;
    ~ THE DEPTH OF CURE
    ~ THE DIAMETRIC TENSILE STRENGTH
    ~ ADHESIVE BOND STRENGTH
    ~ DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION OF 
    MATERIELS.
  26. REDUCES;
    ~ Acid solubility of surrounding enamel
    Decreases the time of activation
    Significantly.
  27. ADVANTAGES OF LASERS
    (1).Minimal damage to surrounding tissues.
    (2).Haemostatic effect by sealing blood vessels.
    (3).Reduction of postoperative inflammation &
    edema.
    (4).Little postoperative scarring.
  28. (5).Reduction in postoperative pain sensation
    since nerve endings are blocked.
    (6).Dressing & suturing is not required for
    wound closer.
    (7).Operating time is reduced.
    (8).Sterilization of wound due to reduction in
    in amount of microorg. exposed to laser
    irradiation.
    (10).Excellentwound healing.
    (11).Laser exposure to tooth enamel causes 
    reduction in caries activity.
  29. (12).Patient becomes free of fear & anxiety.
    (13).Advantageous for medically compromised patients,since no medication is required like antibiotics or pain-killers.
  30. DISADVANTAGES OF LASERS
    (1).Laser beam could injure the patient or operator
    By direct beam or reflected light, causing retinal
    burns.
  31. (2).It available only at big hospital & treatment is 
    very expensive.
    (3).Specially trained person is needed.
  32. SUMMARY
    As the research on use of laser in dentistry isgiving bright results, lasers are getting more & 
    more famous among dentists.
  33. Special thanks goes to:
    a.) Dr. Soumen Pal
    b.) Mr.AbhisekChatterjee
    c.) Mr.NurulHasanMollah
    d.)Mr.Tousif Ahmed
  34. Thank you….

P.S. :- Click here for the article "LASER APPLICATIONS IN CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY"