Following is a brief guide for the formulation of a startegy to crack the difficult subject of pharmacology for Indian Dental Post Graduation entrance exams.
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GOLDEN RULES
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1. Read whichever drug has a dental and oral significance…ADR or Rx.
2. Give more importance to C/I (contraindications) than to indications. Especially to renal insufficiency, cardio patients, and pregnancy, lactation and pediatric patients.
3. Therapeutic, limiting and toxic doses for adult, pediatric and compromised patients is important.
4. Management of bleeding, pain, infections, shock.
5. Emergencies.
6. HIV and AIDS.
7. Drug classes and classification of all categories. This is important because we will know the drug names at least and the class of drugs. This will help us solve tricky questions. (Good in K D Tripathi 5th Ed.)
8. CIMS reference-for drugs used and latest drugs available in India under specific categories.
9. Use your instincts for studying. If you feel uncomfortable about not reading any topic better take time to read it rather than leaving it.
10. We as doctors must have detailed pharmacological knowledge, not only for practice sake. It’s worth remembering that many times the AIPG and AIDPG have many questions that are same in basic sciences except for different questions for medical and dental specialties respectively.
11. Many topics that are not included are not meant to be excluded…but require a reading.
-------------------------------------
Detailed knowledge of following topics is mandatory.
(NOT in order of importance)
-------------------------------------
1. Muscle relaxants
2. GA mainly ADR and emergencies in GAs. Halothane shock, hyperthermia, cardiac emergencies etc.
3. Special relevance to pediatric patients (since some LA procedure for adults may have to be done under GA for the children due to lack of co-operation)
4. LA-detailed knowledge…for all oral and perioral uses. Formulations, dosage in terms of cartridge and volume. Special significance to cardiac patients, maximum dose, toxicities C/I and all! (Exhaustive reading is mandatory and no excuses)
Include a brief study about the LA procedures in other parts of the body including spinal anaesthesia. Exhaustive reading may not be required….
5. Chemotherapy-all drugs effective against the common oral infections and dosage adjustment in compromised patients, pregnant and lactating women. Prophylaxis in cardio patients etc. important to read about MTB.
6. HIV is an important disease and everything about HIV and associated oral diseases...and Rx of HIV patients including precautions for the patient and the dentist is important.
7. Epinephrine and its use in dentistry and emergencies (1 in 1000, 1 in 100,000 where why when how etc)
8. General emergency (like hypotensive crisis, shock, cardio emergency, epilepsy), casualty management and dental emergencies (LA hypersensitivity, dental syncope etc.)
9. Anti viral therapy of common oral viral infections. And of course AIDS.
10. Anti fungal therapy …special reference to HIV patients.
11. Sterilization and disinfections
12. Rx for Haemophilia, drugs taken by hypertensive patients are important. Their interactions etc.
13. Drugs with toxic potentials are a must know!
14. Inducing agents
15. Insulin and precautions in diabetic patients
16. Corticosteroids and opioids.
17. Pulp medications. Drugs regulating calcium levels.
18. Drugs given for the oral side effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
19. Teratogens and fatal drug interactions
20. General pharmacology principles (it has importance in understanding the drug interactions, dosage and contraindications. so a thorough reading will be beneficial.)
21. Vitamins and minerals
-------------------------------------
Moderate depth of study.
-------------------------------------
1. Drugs on ANS (some with dental significance must be studied full)
2. Diuretics (indications and c/i)
3. Arrhythmias (management)
4. Drugs in Asthma (special reference to emergency)
5. Endocrinology
6. Drugs in Epilepsy (emergency management)
7. Cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy with special significance for oral cancers.
-------------------------------------
Dental pharmacology
(just an insignificant list of topics because dental materials will include an exhaustive list)
-------------------------------------
1. Mouthwashes.
2. Sialogogues and saliva substitutes.
3. Denture cleansers and dentifrices.
4. Fluorides.
Source- RxPG
-------------------------------------
GOLDEN RULES
-------------------------------------
1. Read whichever drug has a dental and oral significance…ADR or Rx.
2. Give more importance to C/I (contraindications) than to indications. Especially to renal insufficiency, cardio patients, and pregnancy, lactation and pediatric patients.
3. Therapeutic, limiting and toxic doses for adult, pediatric and compromised patients is important.
4. Management of bleeding, pain, infections, shock.
5. Emergencies.
6. HIV and AIDS.
7. Drug classes and classification of all categories. This is important because we will know the drug names at least and the class of drugs. This will help us solve tricky questions. (Good in K D Tripathi 5th Ed.)
8. CIMS reference-for drugs used and latest drugs available in India under specific categories.
9. Use your instincts for studying. If you feel uncomfortable about not reading any topic better take time to read it rather than leaving it.
10. We as doctors must have detailed pharmacological knowledge, not only for practice sake. It’s worth remembering that many times the AIPG and AIDPG have many questions that are same in basic sciences except for different questions for medical and dental specialties respectively.
11. Many topics that are not included are not meant to be excluded…but require a reading.
-------------------------------------
Detailed knowledge of following topics is mandatory.
(NOT in order of importance)
-------------------------------------
1. Muscle relaxants
2. GA mainly ADR and emergencies in GAs. Halothane shock, hyperthermia, cardiac emergencies etc.
3. Special relevance to pediatric patients (since some LA procedure for adults may have to be done under GA for the children due to lack of co-operation)
4. LA-detailed knowledge…for all oral and perioral uses. Formulations, dosage in terms of cartridge and volume. Special significance to cardiac patients, maximum dose, toxicities C/I and all! (Exhaustive reading is mandatory and no excuses)
Include a brief study about the LA procedures in other parts of the body including spinal anaesthesia. Exhaustive reading may not be required….
5. Chemotherapy-all drugs effective against the common oral infections and dosage adjustment in compromised patients, pregnant and lactating women. Prophylaxis in cardio patients etc. important to read about MTB.
6. HIV is an important disease and everything about HIV and associated oral diseases...and Rx of HIV patients including precautions for the patient and the dentist is important.
7. Epinephrine and its use in dentistry and emergencies (1 in 1000, 1 in 100,000 where why when how etc)
8. General emergency (like hypotensive crisis, shock, cardio emergency, epilepsy), casualty management and dental emergencies (LA hypersensitivity, dental syncope etc.)
9. Anti viral therapy of common oral viral infections. And of course AIDS.
10. Anti fungal therapy …special reference to HIV patients.
11. Sterilization and disinfections
12. Rx for Haemophilia, drugs taken by hypertensive patients are important. Their interactions etc.
13. Drugs with toxic potentials are a must know!
14. Inducing agents
15. Insulin and precautions in diabetic patients
16. Corticosteroids and opioids.
17. Pulp medications. Drugs regulating calcium levels.
18. Drugs given for the oral side effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
19. Teratogens and fatal drug interactions
20. General pharmacology principles (it has importance in understanding the drug interactions, dosage and contraindications. so a thorough reading will be beneficial.)
21. Vitamins and minerals
-------------------------------------
Moderate depth of study.
-------------------------------------
1. Drugs on ANS (some with dental significance must be studied full)
2. Diuretics (indications and c/i)
3. Arrhythmias (management)
4. Drugs in Asthma (special reference to emergency)
5. Endocrinology
6. Drugs in Epilepsy (emergency management)
7. Cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy with special significance for oral cancers.
-------------------------------------
Dental pharmacology
(just an insignificant list of topics because dental materials will include an exhaustive list)
-------------------------------------
1. Mouthwashes.
2. Sialogogues and saliva substitutes.
3. Denture cleansers and dentifrices.
4. Fluorides.
Source- RxPG
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